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1.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 87-94, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970677

ABSTRACT

Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in tumor progress and chemosensitivity. Ovarian cancer brings a great threat to the health of women with a significant feature of high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the potential significance of matrix stiffness in the pattern of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression and ovarian cancer drug sensitivity is still largely unkown. Here, based on RNA-seq data of ovarian cancer cell cultured on substrates with different stiffness, we found that a great amount of lncRNAs were upregulated in stiff group, whereas SNHG8 was significantly downregulated, which was further verified in ovarian cancer cells cultured on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hydrogel. Knockdown of SNHG8 led to an impaired efficiency of homologous repair, and decreased cellular sensitivity to both etoposide and cisplatin. Meanwhile, the results of the GEPIA analysis indicated that the expression of SNHG8 was significantly decreased in ovarian cancer tissues, which was negatively correlated with the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer. In conclusion, matrix stiffening related lncRNA SNHG8 is closely related to chemosensitivity and prognosis of ovarian cancer, which might be a novel molecular marker for chemotherapy drug instruction and prognosis prediction.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Elasticity/physiology , Etoposide , Extracellular Matrix/physiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 81: e0036, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376779

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to highlight the impact of biomechanical corneal response in available in vivo tonometry methods for glaucoma management. Systematic review of non-contact air-puff tonometers that analyzes the corneal deformation response, with special focus on the investigation of the correlation of derived parameters with intraocular pressure measurements. The two actual and commercially available in vivo corneal tonometers provide promising information about biomechanical characteristics of the cornea and its relation to glaucoma, allowing the development of new protocols to evaluate, diagnose, and manage this disease.


RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é destacar o impacto da resposta biomecânica corneana em métodos de tonometria in vivo disponíveis para o manejo do glaucoma. Trata-se de revisão sistemática de tonômetros de ar que analisa a resposta à deformação corneana, com foco especial na investigação da correlação dos parâmetros derivados com as medições da pressão intraocular. Os dois tonômetros mais recentes e comercialmente disponíveis fornecem informações promissoras sobre as características biomecânicas da córnea e sua relação com o glaucoma, permitindo o desenvolvimento de novos protocolos para avaliar, diagnosticar e controlar a doença.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentation , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Biomechanical Phenomena , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Cornea/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Ocular Hypertension/physiopathology , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/instrumentation , Elasticity/physiology , Models, Theoretical
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(12): 1045-1055, Dec. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886197

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on tendon-to-bone reconstruction of rotator cuff tears. Methods: Seventy-two rat supraspinatus tendons were transected and reconstructed in situ. At 8 and 16 weeks, specimens of three groups; that is control, L-dose (low dose), and H-dose (high dose) were harvested and underwent a biomechanical test to evaluate the maximum load and stiffness values. Histology sections of the tendon-to-bone interface were identified by hematoxylin-eosin or Masson trichrome stain. Collagen type III was observed by picric acid sirius red staining under polarized light. The level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Collagen type III of the H-dose group had a significant difference in histology structure compared with the L-dose group (P<0.05). The maximum load and stiffness decreased significantly in the control group compared with the values of the L-dose and H-dose groups. The stiffness among the three groups differed significantly at the same postoperative time (P<0.05). Interestingly, progressive reestablishment of collagen type III affected tendon-to-bone healing significantly in the later stages. Conclusion: The H-dose was associated with an increased collagen type III morphology stimulated by TGF-β1.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Tendon Injuries/drug therapy , Wound Healing/physiology , Rotator Cuff/surgery , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery , Tendon Injuries/metabolism , Tensile Strength/physiology , Wound Healing/drug effects , Biomechanical Phenomena , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Rotator Cuff/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Collagen Type III/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Elasticity/physiology , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology , Muscle Strength/physiology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/physiology , Rotator Cuff Injuries/metabolism
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(5): 365-369, oct. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894501

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular risk is increased in HIV-infected patients and has become a leading cause of morbimortality in this population. The purpose of this study is to compare HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ART-naïve HIV-infected patients regarding arterial elasticity. From September 2010 to September 2015, 105 HIV-infected subjects were enrolled, 41 ART-naïve and 64 on ART with stable viral suppression. Elasticity of large and small arteries (LAE and SAE) was assessed by analysis of radial pulse waveforms using a calibrated device. A single set of measurements was performed. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to estimate independent correlates of arterial elasticity. On-ART and ART-naïve patients were similar with respect to gender, age, body mass index, Framingham cardiovascular risk score, smoking habits, and CD4+ counts. Median time on treatment was 60 months and 79% of patients were on regimens based on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. No significant differences in LAE and SAE assessments were found between groups. However, time on ART and cholesterol levels were independently associated with LAE impairment. No association between arterial elasticity and CD4+ counts was found. We conclude that cumulative exposure to ART may play a role on LAE impairment and deserves further investigation.


El riesgo cardiovascular está incrementado en los pacientes HIV seropositivos y se ha convertido en una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en esta población. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la elasticidad de grandes y pequeñas arterias (LAE y SAE) en pacientes infectados por HIV con y sin terapia antirretroviral. De septiembre de 2010 a septiembre de 2015 se enrolaron 105 pacientes con infección por HIV, 41 vírgenes de antirretrovirales y 64 con tratamiento estable en supresión viral. LAE y SAE fueron evaluados mediante análisis de la onda de pulso radial. Se construyeron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar los predictores independientes de la elasticidad arterial. Los grupos en tratamiento y naïve fueron similares con respecto al sexo, edad, índice de masa corporal, índice de Framingham, tabaquismo y recuento de CD4+. La mediana de tiempo en tratamiento antirretroviral fue 60 meses y el 79% de los pacientes recibieron inhibidores no nucleosídicos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos en los valores de LAE y SAE. Sin embargo, el tiempo en tratamiento y el nivel de colesterol plasmático se asociaron independientemente con deterioro de LAE. No observamos asociaciones entre la elasticidad arterial y los recuentos de CD4+. Concluimos que la exposición acumulada al tratamiento antirretroviral podría contribuir al deterioro de la LAE. Este hallazgo merece ulterior investigación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arteries/physiopathology , Vascular Resistance/physiology , HIV Infections/physiopathology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Elasticity/physiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 109(3): 253-258, Sept. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887925

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account annually for almost one third of all deaths worldwide. Among the CVD, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is related to more than half of those outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for SAH because it causes functional and structural damage to the arterial wall, leading to stiffness. Several studies have related oxidative stress, production of free radicals, and neuroendocrine and genetic changes to the physiopathogenesis of vascular aging. Indirect ways to analyze that aging process have been widely studied, pulse wave velocity (PWV) being considered gold standard to assess arterial stiffness, because there is large epidemiological evidence of its predictive value for cardiovascular events, and it requires little technical knowledge to be performed. A pulse wave is generated during each cardiac contraction and travels along the arterial bed until finding peripheral resistance or any bifurcation point, determining the appearance of a reflected wave. In young individuals, arteries tend to be more elastic, therefore, the reflected wave occurs later in the cardiac cycle, reaching the heart during diastole. In older individuals, however, the reflected wave occurs earlier, reaching the heart during systole. Because PWV is an important biomarker of vascular damage, highly valuable in determining the patient's global cardiovascular risk, we chose to review the articles on vascular aging in the context of cardiovascular risk factors and the tools available to the early identification of that damage.


Resumo As doenças cardiovasculares são anualmente responsáveis por quase um terço do total de mortes no mundo. Dentre elas, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) está relacionada com mais da metade desses desfechos. O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é visto com um fator de risco independente para HAS por causar lesões funcionais e estruturais na parede arterial, ocasionando-lhe enrijecimento. Diversos estudos relacionam o stress oxidativo, a produção de radicais livres, as alterações neuroendócrinas e genéticas com a fisiopatogenia do envelhecimento vascular. Formas indiretas para analisar esse processo de envelhecimento têm sido amplamente estudadas, dentre elas, a velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) é vista como o padrão-ouro para avaliar a rigidez arterial por existir maior número de evidências epidemiológicas do seu valor preditivo para eventos cardiovasculares além de requerer pouco conhecimento técnico para sua realização. A onda de pulso é gerada durante cada contração cardíaca e percorre o leito arterial até encontrar resistência periférica ou algum ponto de bifurcação, ocasionando o surgimento de uma onda refletida. Em indivíduos jovens, as artérias tendem a ser mais elásticas, em consequência, a onda é refletida mais tardiamente no ciclo cardíaco e atinge o coração no momento da diástole, enquanto nos mais velhos, com reflexão mais precoce da onda, tende a acontecer na sístole. Por ser a VOP um importante biomarcador de dano vascular, de grande valia para a determinação do risco global cardiovascular do paciente, optamos por revisar os artigos referentes ao envelhecimento vascular no contexto dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e as ferramentas disponíveis para a identificação precoce desse dano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Aging/physiology , Elasticity/physiology , Vascular Stiffness/physiology
8.
Educ. fis. deporte ; 32(1): 1187-1196, ene.-jun. 2013. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-713767

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio se aplicó un entrenamiento pliométrico adaptado a un grupo de niños (n=15) no deportistas (12,8±0,8 años; 1,56±0,09 M; 48,7±8.5 Kg.), durante un período de seis semanas de entrenamiento (dos veces por semana). El objetivo fue demostrar si es posible aumentar la potencia (P) de extremidades inferiores mediante el aumento del índice elástico (IE). Se midieron los saltos Squat Jump (SJ), y Countermovement Jump (CMJ) y se calculó P e IE. Los resultados del pre-entrenamiento (SJ=26,51±5,1 cm; CMJ=28,52±6,5 cm; P=1834±853,04 W; IE 8,17±3,7 %) y post-entrenamiento (SJ=28,46±6,2 cm; CMJ=32,07±6,9 cm; P=2018±871,39 W; IE=13,23±1,9 %) indican que se aumentó significativamente la variable IE (p0,05). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que este tipo de entrenamiento pliométrico puede estimular el componente elástico y neuromuscular en desmedro del componente contráctil, al obtenerse una ganancia relativa de potencia, situación preponderante en la etapa dedesarrollo de los niños.


This study aims to determine the current state of the relation between these variables, in studentsof the Rafael J. Mejia School, in Sabaneta. A stratified simple of 207 students (99 noys, 44%108 girls, 56%) was randomly selected from a total of 455 students. We applied measurementprocedures and evaluation proposed by J uregui and Ordo¤ez (1993). The results showed that aconsiderable proportion of the sample was above the 75th percentile for anthropometric tests andskinfolds; below the 25th percentile in physical abilities. This suggests that there is a tendency inthese children to obesity and physical inactivity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Elasticity/physiology , Plyometric Exercise
9.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 57(2): 132-138, Mar. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-668750

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether aortic elastic properties were affected in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) by using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-three patients with newly diagnosed SCH and forty-eight healthy controls were included to the study. Systolic and diastolic diameters of the ascending aorta were measured by M-mode transthoracic echocardiography, and the upper wall velocities of ascending aorta and mitral annulus velocities were measured by TDI. Aortic stiffness index (ASI) and aortic distensibility were computed using the formulas accepted in literature. RESULTS: The clinical and demographic features of both groups were comparable. Aortic distensibility was significantly lower, and ASI was significantly higher in SCH patients than in controls. Systolic aortic upper wall velocity (Sao) was also significantly lower in SCH patients. Early (Eao) and late diastolic aortic upper wall (Aao) velocities did not differ between the two groups. Mitral annulus (Sm, Em, and Am) velocities were also similar between the groups. Sao was negatively correlated with ASI, and positively correlated with aortic distensibility. TSH level was positively correlated with ASI, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and negatively correlated with aortic distensibility and Sao. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, our results showed that SCH is associated with impaired elasticity of the ascending aorta. Elastic properties of the ascending aorta can be directly evaluated by the reproducibly measurement of the upper wall movements of the ascending aorta by TDI in SCH patients.


OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo foi investigar se as propriedades elásticas da aorta são afetadas no hipotireoidismo subclínico (HSC), utilizando o Doppler tecidual (UDT). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Quarenta e três pacientes com diagnóstico recente de HSC e 48 indivíduos saudáveis ​​foram incluídos no estudo. Os diâmetros sistólico e diastólico da aorta foram medidos por ecocardiografia transtorácica modo M e as velocidades de fluxo da parede superior da aorta ascendente e de fluxo transvalvar mitral foram medidas por UDT. O índice de rigidez da aorta (IRA) e a distensibilidade aórtica foram calculados usando fórmulas aceitas na literatura. RESULTADOS: As características clínicas e demográficas dos dois grupos foram comparáveis. A distensibilidade aórtica foi significativamente menor e IRA significativamente maior nos pacientes com HSC do que nos controles. A velocidade de fluxo sistólico na parede aórtica superior (Sao) foi significantemente menor em pacientes com HSC. A velocidade de fluxo diastólico inicial (Eao) e tardio (Aao) na parede aórtica superior e as velocidades de fluxo transvalvar (Sm, Em e Am) não diferiram entre os dois grupos. Sao foi negativamente correlacionada com IRA e positivamente correlacionada com a distensibilidade aórtica. O nível de TSH foi positivamente correlacionado com IRA, colesterol total e lipoproteína de baixa densidade-colesterol e negativamente correlacionado com a distensibilidade aórtica e Sao. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do presente estudo demonstraram que o HSC é associado com elasticidade deficiente da aorta ascendente. Propriedades elásticas da aorta ascendente podem ser diretamente avaliadas por medições reprodutíveis dos movimentos da parede superior da aorta por UDT em pacientes com HSC.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aorta/physiopathology , Elasticity/physiology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Vascular Stiffness/physiology , Aorta , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Echocardiography, Doppler , Observer Variation
10.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(2): 115-118, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-626586

ABSTRACT

Relato de caso de uma paciente, com córnea espessa, por distrofia de Fuchs em fase inicial, ainda com transparência corneana preservada (edema corneano subclínico), associado à pressão intraocular (PIO) normal por tonometria de aplanação de Goldman (TAG), que teve entretanto, o diagnóstico de glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto com base em alterações estruturais do nervo óptico. O estudo tomográfico demonstrou padrão de paquimetria espacial compatível com edema sub-clínico. O estudo biomecânico da córnea com o ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer, ® Reichert), associado à medida corrigida da PIO, possibilitou o entendimento da influência da córnea, que apesar de mais espessa, levava a uma TAG falsamente reduzida (hipoestimada). O estudo da PIO com sistema de tonografia digital de contorno (PASCAL) corroborou com os achados do ORA. Este exemplo ressalta a importância de novas tecnologias na avaliação de pacientes com suspeita de glaucoma, e destaca que a correção da TAG, com base em algoritmos lineares relacionados com a paquimetria central apenas, pode determinar sérios erros de interpretação clínica.


Case report of a patient, with a thick cornea, for Fuchs dystrophy in its early stages, yet with preserved corneal transparency (subclinical corneal edema), associated with normal intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT), which was however, the diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma on the basis of structural changes of the optic nerve. The tomographic study showed a pattern of spatial pachymetry compatible with subclinical edema. The corneal biomechanical study with ORA (Ocular Response Analyzer, Reichert ®) associated with corrected IOP measurement, allowed the understanding of the corneal influence, which, although thicker, leading to a falsely low TAG (underestimated). The IOP study with tonography system digital (PASCAL) corroborated with the findings of ORA. This example highlights the importance of new technologies in patients' evaluation with suspected glaucoma, and highlights that the correction of TAG, based on linear algorithms related to central corneal thickness alone, can determine serious errors in clinical interpretation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Tonometry, Ocular/methods , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Cornea/physiopathology , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Optic Nerve/pathology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/pathology , Cornea/pathology , Elasticity/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology
11.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(2): 89-99, mar.-abr. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-626582

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar os resultados da cirurgia de implante de segmentos de anel estromal para ceratocone e as possíveis correlações existentes entre o resultado cirúrgico e o estado biomecânico da córnea no pré-operatório. MÉTODOS: Dezenove olhos de 19 pacientes com ceratocone foram avaliados antes e 12 meses após a cirurgia de implante de segmento anel estromal. O implante de um ou dois segmentos de anel de Ferrara foi realizado de acordo com o nomograma, considerando-se espessura da córnea, padrão topográfico da ectasia e o astigmatismo. O teste de Wilcoxon signed rank foi realizado para verificar diferenças entre a acuidade visual (logMAR) corrigida com óculos antes da cirurgia (AVccPré) e a obtida sem correção (AVscPós) e com correção (AVccPós) após a cirurgia, bem como entre os valores pré e pós-operatórios de variáveis tomográficas medidas com o Pentacam e variáveis biomecânicas da córnea medidas com o ORA (ocular response analyzer). As diferenças absolutas antes e após a cirurgia (valores delta - Δ) das variáveis com diferenças significantes foram calculadas. Os valores Δ foram correlacionados com as medidas do ORA no pré-operatório por meio dos testes de Pearson ou de Spaerman, de acordo com a distribuição das variáveis ser normal ou não (teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov). RESULTADOS: Observou-se melhora significante na AVcc, bem como na AVscPós em comparação com a AVccPré (teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Houve redução significativa do astigmatismo ceratométrico (AST), dos valores ceratométricos centrais (K1 e K2), do valor ceratométrico mais elevado (KMáx) e dos índices CKI (índice de severidade do ceratocone - center keratoconus index ), IHD (índice de descentração da elevação - index of height decentration) e ISV (índice de variação da superfície - index of surface variance) após a cirurgia (teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Observou-se um significativo aumento da espessura corneana a 3,8 e a 4mm do ápice em direção temporal no meridiano horizontal, bem como houve deslocamento inferior significativo da posição do KMáx (teste de Wilcoxon, p<0,05). Nenhuma variável biomecânica apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante após a cirurgia (teste de Wilcoxon, p>0,05). Os parâmetros do ORA derivados das pressões de aplanamento: histerese da córnea (corneal hysteresis - CH), fator de resistência da córnea (corneal resistance factor - CRF) e as medidas da pressão ocular (IOPg e IOPcc) não apresentaram correlações significantes com os parâmetros delta (Δ). Quinze das 38 variáveis biomecânicas derivadas do sinal de reflexo da córnea do ORA apresentaram correlação significante com pelo menos um parâmetro Δ, destacando-se as correlações entre o ΔKMáx com aindex e path1 (teste de Pearson, p<0,05; r=-0,56 e 0,56 respectivamente) e entre o ΔAVccPré-AVscPós e aindex (teste de Pearson, p<0,05; r=0,48). A variável que teve maior número de correlações significantes foi w21, que se correlacionou negativamente com ΔK2, ΔK1, ΔCKI e ΔKMáx (teste de Spearman, p<0,05; r=-0,56; -0,55; -0,51 e -0,47) respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Existe melhora significante da acuidade visual e de parâmetros ceratométricos após cirurgia de implante de segmentos de anel de Ferrara para ceratocone. A melhora de diversos destes parâmetros com a cirurgia foi significativamente correlacionada com características biomecânicas derivadas do sinal do reflexo da córnea do ORA no pré-operatório. Um estado biomecânico pré-operatório "mais fraco" ou "menos resistente" foi significativamente relacionado com um maior benefício clínico da cirurgia. Análises com associações múltiplas (multivariadas) são necessárias, incluindo parâmetros tomográficos da córnea e de aberrometria total do pré-operatório. Tais informações abrem novos horizontes para a seleção de pacientes e o planejamento de cirurgia de implante de segmentos de anel para ceratocone.


OBJECTIVE: To verify possible correlations between the biomechanical state of the cornea before surgery and the results of stromal ring segments implant for keratoconus. METHODS: Nineteen eyes of 19 patients with keratoconus were evaluated before and 12 months after stromal ring segment implant surgery. The implant of one or two Ferrara ring segments was performed accordingly to the nomogram, considering corneal thickness, ectasy pattern on topography and astigmatism. The Wilcoxon test was performed to verify the differences between visual acuity (logMAR) with correction before surgery (AVccPre) and without correction (AVscPos) and with correction (AVccPos) after surgery, topography variables measured with Pentacam on pre and post operative and corneal biomechanics variables measure with ORA (ocular response analyzer). The absolute differences before and after the surgery (delta values - Δ) of variables with significant differences were calculated. The Δ values were correlated with the ORA measurements pre-operatively using Pearson or Spearman's tests, according with the distribution of the variables to be or not normal (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). RESULTS: There were significant improvements on AVcc and AVscPos comparing with AVccPre (Wilcoxon test, p<0,05). Significant reduction was observed on keratometric astigmatism (AST), Keratometric central values (K1 and K2), higher keratometric value (KMax) and topometric indices: CKI (Center Keratoconus Index), IHD (Index of Height Decentration) and ISV (Index of Surface Variance) after surgery (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). There was a significant increase in corneal thickness of 3.8 and 4 mm from the apex toward the temporal horizontal meridian observed a significant increase on cornea thickness, and there was significant downward displacement of the position of KMax (Wilcoxon test, p<0.05). No variable biomechanical statistically significant difference after surgery (Wilcoxon test, p>0.05). The ORA parameters derivate form the aplanation pressure: Corneal Hysteresis (CH), Corneal Resistance Factor (CRF) and the measures of the ocular pressure (IOPg and IOPcc) showed no significant correlations with the parameters delta (Δ). Fifteen of the 38 biomechanical variables derived from the sign of ORA corneal reflex presented significant correlation with at least one parameter Δ, highlighting the correlations between ΔKMax with aindex e path1 (Pearson test, p<0.05; r=-0.56 and 0.56 respectively) and between AVccPre-AVscPos and aindex (Pearson test, p<0.05; r=0.48). The variable that had the greatest number of significant correlations was w21, which correlated negatively with, ΔK2, ΔK1, ΔCKI and ΔKMax (Spearman test, p<0.05; r=-0.56; -0.55; -0.51 and -0.47) respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a significant improvement in visual acuity and keratometric parameters after surgery of implant the Ferrara ring segments for keratoconus. The improvement of several of these parameters with the surgery was significantly correlated with biomechanical characteristics derived from the signal of the ORA corneal reflex preoperatively. A biomechanical preoperative state "weaker" or "less resistant" was significantly related to greater clinical benefit of surgery. Analysis with multiple associations (multivariate) is necessary, including topographic parameters of the cornea and wavefront analysis of preoperative total. This information opens up new horizons for patient selection and planning of ring segments implant surgery for keratoconus.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Prostheses and Implants , Cornea/physiology , Corneal Stroma/surgery , Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Keratoconus/surgery , Biomechanical Phenomena , Visual Acuity , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Corneal Stroma/physiopathology , Corneal Topography , Elasticity/physiology , Preoperative Period , Corneal Pachymetry , Intraocular Pressure
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 57(3): 280-285, May-June 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-591354

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between P wave dispersion, aortic elastic properties and transthoracic echocardiographic findings in the young and old football players compared to control groups in order to asses the influence of regular sportive activity on aortic distensibility and its potential effect on atrial electrophysiology. METHODS : We recruited 42 young football players with a training history of many years. The control group was formed by 27 healthy sedentary men. Twenty-three healthy retired football players of a professional football club aged over 50 years were included in the study as old group and 18 subjects over 50 year old who did not perform regular exercise when they were young were included in the control group of old subjects. RESULTS: The heart rate and ejection fraction were decreased in the young football players. There were no significant differences in the aortic elastic parameters and P wave dispersion between young football players and control group. But in old subjects with sustained participation in regular sportive activity, the significant difference of left ventricular dimension, wall thickness and systolic functions detected in the young group disappeared while increase in the left atrial diameter became significant. CONCLUSION: Potential effect of aortic elastic properties which changes with age, on atrial electrophysiology through increasing P wave dispersion was shown.


OBJETIVO: Com este estudo pretendeu-se levar a cabo um ensaio clínico que permitisse investigar as diferenças entre a dispersão da onda P (DOP), as propriedades elásticas da aorta e os resultados da ecocardiografia transtorácica em futebolistas profissionais ativos e reformados, face a grupos de controle, de modo a avaliar a influência da atividade desportiva regular na distensibilidade aórtica e o seu potencial efeito na electrofisiologia atrial. MÉTODOS: Para este estudo foram recrutados 42 jovens futebolistas profissionais com um histórico de treino de vários anos. O grupo-controle foi constituído por 27 homens saudáveis e sedentários. No grupo composto por indivíduos mais velhos, foram incluídos 23 futebolistas profissionais já aposentados, saudáveis e com mais de 50 anos de idade e, como grupo-controle, 18 indivíduos com mais de 50 anos de idade que nunca fizeram qualquer tipo de exercício físico regular quando eram mais novos. RESULTADOS: A frequência cardíaca e fração de ejeção eram menores nos jovens futebolistas profissionais. Não se verificaram diferenças significativas nos parâmetros de elasticidade da aorta e a dispersão da onda P entre os jovens futebolistas profissionais e o grupo-controle. Mas, já no caso do grupo dos indivíduos mais velhos com uma atividade desportiva regular, a diferença significativa na dimensão ventricular esquerda, espessura das paredes e funções sistólicas detectada no grupo jovem e ativo desapareceu, enquanto o aumento no diâmetro atrial esquerdo tornou-se expressivo. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstrou-se com este estudo o efeito potencial das propriedades elásticas da aorta, que se alteram com a idade, na electrofisiologia atrial por meio do aumento da dispersão da onda P.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aorta/physiology , Atrial Function, Left/physiology , Elasticity/physiology , Soccer/physiology , Age Factors , Acoustic Impedance Tests/methods , Blood Pressure/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Echocardiography/methods , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac/methods , Sedentary Behavior
13.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(3): 161-162, May-June 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-598306

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Low intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is one of the ocular manifestations of Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the corneal-compensated IOP as well as corneal properties (central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis) in patients with myotonic dystrophy. METHODS: A total of 12 eyes of 6 patients with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy (dystrophy group) and 12 eyes of 6 age-, race-, and gender-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the study. GAT, Dynamic Contour Tonometry (DCT-Pascal) and Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) were used to assess the IOP. Central corneal thickness was obtained by ultrasound pachymetry, and corneal hysteresis was analyzed using the ORA device. In light of the multiplicity of tests performed, the significance level was set at 0.01 rather than 0.05. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation [SD]) GAT, DCT, and corneal-compensated ORA IOP in the dystrophy group were 5.4 (1.4) mmHg, 9.7 (1.5) mmHg, and 10.1 (2.6) mmHg, respectively. The mean (SD) GAT, DCT, and corneal-compensated ORA IOP in the control group was 12.6 (2.9) mmHg, 15.5 (2.7) mmHg, and 15.8 (3.4) mmHg, respectively. There were significant differences in IOP values between dystrophy and control groups obtained by GAT (mean, -7.2 mmHg; 99 percent confidence interval [CI], -10.5 to -3.9 mmHg; P<0.001), DCT (mean, -5.9 mmHg; 99 percent CI, -8.9 to -2.8 mmHg; P<0.001), and corneal-compensated ORA measurements (mean, -5.7 mmHg; 99 percent CI, -10.4 to -1.0 mmHg; P=0.003). The mean (SD) central corneal thickness was similar in the dystrophy (542 [31] µm) and control (537 [11] µm) groups (P=0.65). The mean (SD) corneal hysteresis in the dystrophy and control groups were 11.2 (1.5) mmHg and 9.7 (1.2) mmHg, respectively (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy showed lower Goldmann and corneal-compensated IOP in comparison with healthy individuals. Since central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis did not differ significantly between groups, the lower IOP readings documented in this dystrophy seem not to be related to changes in corneal properties.


OBJETIVOS: Pressão intraocular (PIO) baixa medida por meio da tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann (TAG) é uma das manifestações oculares da distrofia miotônica de Steinert. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a pressão intraocular compensada para as propriedades corneais (espessura corneal central e histerese corneal) em pacientes com distrofia miotônica. MÉTODOS: Um total de 12 olhos de 6 pacientes com distrofia miotônica de Steinert (grupo distrofia) e 12 olhos de 6 voluntários sadios (grupo controle) pareados para idade, raça e sexo foram incluídos no estudo. Tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann, tonometria de contorno dinâmico (TCD-Pascal) e analisador de resposta ocular (ORA) foram usados para medir a pressão intraocular. A espessura corneal central foi obtida por meio da paquimetria ultrassônica e a histerese corneal foi analizada usando o aparelho ORA. RESULTADOS: A pressão intraocular média (desvio-padrão) da TAG, TCD e compensada para a córnea do ORA no grupo distrofia foram 5,4 (1,4) mmHg, 9,7 (1,5) mmHg e 10,1 (2,6) mmHg, respectivamente. A pressão intraocular média (desvio-padrão) da TAG, TCD e compensada para a córnea do ORA no grupo controle foram 12,6 (2,9) mmHg, 15,5 (2,7) mmHg e 15,8 (3,4) mmHg, respectivamente. Houve diferença significativa nos valores da pressão intraocular entre os grupos distrofia e controle obtidas pela TAG (média, -7,2 mmHg; intervalo de confiança (IC) de 99 por cento, -10,5 a -3,9 mmHg; P<0,001), TCD (média, -5,9 mmHg; IC de 99 por cento, -8,9 a -2,8 mmHg; P<0,001) e ORA compensada para córnea (média, -5,7 mmHg; IC de 99 por cento, -10,4 a -1,0 mmHg; P=0,003). A espessura corneal média (desvio-padrão) foi similar nos grupos distrofia (542 [31] µm) e controle (537 [11] µm) (P=0,65). A histerese corneal média (desvio-padrão) nos grupos distrofia e controle foram de 11,2 (1,5) mmHg e 9,7 (1,2) mmHg, respectivamente (P=0,04). CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com distrofia miotônica de Steinert apresentaram valores menores de pressão intraocular medidas tanto com Goldmann quanto compensadas para a córnea em comparação com indivíduos sadios. Uma vez que os valores da espessura corneal central e histerese corneal não diferiram significantemente entre os grupos, os valores baixos da pressão intraocular encontrados nos pacientes com distrofia miotônica não parecem estar relacionados com as propriedades corneais.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cornea/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Myotonic Dystrophy/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cornea/pathology , Cornea , Corneal Topography/methods , Elasticity/physiology , Tonometry, Ocular/methods
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(1): 13-16, Jan.-Feb. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-589931

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) in healthy eyes with a central corneal thickness (CCT) < 505 µm with CH and CRF in gender-, age-, and CCT-matched keratoconus cases, and to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters for discriminating between the two groups. METHODS: Prospective, comparative case series. In total 46 eyes from 30 healthy patients with CCT < 505 µm, and 42 eyes from 30 CCT-, gender- and age-matched keratoconus cases were enrolled. Biomechanical metrics (CH and CRF) were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and then compared. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to identify cut-off points to maximize the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between the groups. RESULTS: The CCT was 485.96 ± 17.61 µm (range, 438 - 505) in healthy thin corneas and 483.64 ± 16.19 µm (range, 452 - 505) in keratoconus; p=0.5225. CH was 8.63 ± 1.23 mmHg (range, 5.95 - 12.2) and 8.07 ± 1.17 mmHg (range, 4.9 - 9.85), respectively; p=0.0312. CRF was 8.43 ± 1.29 mmHg (range, 5.45 - 11.10) and 7.22 ± 1.34 mmHg (range, 4.7 - 9.45), respectively; p<0.001. ROC curve analysis showed a poor overall predictive accuracy of CH (cut-off, 8.95 mmHg; sensitivity, 63 percent; specificity, 23.8 percent; test accuracy, 44.30 percent) and CRF (cut-off, 7.4 mmHg; sensitivity, 28.3 percent; specificity, 40.5 percent; test accuracy, 34.12 percent) for detecting keratoconus in the eyes studied. CONCLUSION: CH and CRF were statistically lower in keratoconus than in healthy thin corneas. However, CH and CRF offered very low sensitivity and specificity for discriminating the groups.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar a histerese corneana (CH) e o fator de resistência corneano (CRF) em olhos saudáveis com espessura corneana central (CCT) < 505 µm com os resultados de CH e CRF em pacientes com ceratocone pareados por sexo, idade e CCT, além de estimar a sensibilidade e especificidade destes parâmetros na diferenciação dos grupos. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, do tipo série de casos comparativa. No total, 46 olhos de 30 pacientes saudáveis com CCT < 505 µm, e 42 olhos de 30 pacientes com ceratocone pareados por sexo, idade e CCT foram incluídos. Os parâmetros biomecânicos (CH e CRF) foram obtidos através do equipamento Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) e depois comparados. Curvas ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) foram utilizadas para identificar o melhor valor de corte que apresentasse a maior sensibilidade e especificidade na discriminação entre ceratocone e córneas finas saudáveis para cada dado estudado. RESULTADOS: A CCT encontrada foi 485,96 ± 17,61 µm (de 438 a 505) no grupo de córneas finas saudáveis e 483.64 ± 16,19 µm (de 452 a 505) no grupo ceratocone; p=0,5225. CH 8,63 ± 1,23 mmHg (de 5,95 a 12,2) e 8,07 ± 1,17 mmHg (de 4,9 a 9,85), respectivamente; p=0,0312. CRF 8,43 ± 1,29 mmHg (de 5,45 a 11,10) e 7,22 ± 1,34 mmHg (de 4,7 a 9,45), respectivamente; p<0,001. Análise das curvas ROC mostrou baixa acurácia na diferenciação das córneas finas saudáveis daquelas com ceratocone tanto para CH (ponto de corte, 8,95 mmHg; sensibilidade, 63 por cento; especificidade, 23,8 por cento; acurácia, 44,30 por cento) quanto para CRF (ponto de corte, 7,4 mmHg; sensibilidade, 28,3 por cento; especificidade, 40,5 por cento; acurácia, 34,12 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Dados fornecidos pelo ORA (CH e CRF) mostraram-se estatisticamente mais baixos em pacientes com ceratocone quando comparados com córneas finas de indivíduos saudáveis. No entanto, os dois parâmetros biomecânicos estudados apresentaram sensibilidade e especificidade muito baixas na diferenciação dos grupos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cornea/physiology , Elastic Tissue/physiology , Elasticity/physiology , Keratoconus/physiopathology , Biomechanical Phenomena , Case-Control Studies , Corneal Topography , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Keratoconus/diagnosis , Keratoconus/pathology , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity
15.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 48(6): 495-502, 2011. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687563

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de ondas de choque extracorpóreas (ESWT) no terceiro metacarpiano de equinos hígidos através da determinação da elasticidade óssea. Foram utilizados 20 equinos Puro Sangue Inglês, machos e fêmeas, com dois anos de idade, em início de treinamento e selecionados quanto ao estado de higidez. No início do experimento (D0), todos os animais foram submetidos à avaliação da elasticidade óssea do terceiro metacarpiano. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos (Grupo Controle - GC e Grupo Experimental - GE). A aplicação das ESWT foi realizada no membro torácico direito dos animais do GE, na região coincidente à da avaliação da elasticidade óssea. Foi utilizado aparelho para terapia de ondas extracorpóreas com densidade de fluxo de energia de 0,15mJ/mm2 e 2000 pulsos com probe E6R20, com característica do foco da onda de choque de 20 mm. A ESWT foi repetida a cada 21 dias totalizando três sessões (D0, D21 e D42). A análise da determinação da elasticidade óssea foi realizada no D0, D21, D42 e D72. A média da velocidade ultrassonográfica diferiu entre os grupos no D21, D42 e D72, sendo que os animais do GE apresentaram menor densidade mineral óssea após as aplicações das ESWT. Houve igualmente, diferença na massa óssea entre os grupos no D21 e D42, parâmetro onde os animais do GE apresentaram diminuição significativa da massa óssea. O risco de fratura apresentou-se maior nos animais do GE no D21. Concluiuse que, a ESWT é capaz de promover alteração da densidade mineral óssea.


The porpoise of this study was to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock waves in third metacarpus bone from healthy horses by determination of bone elasticity. It were used 20 Thoroughbred horses, male and female, with two years old, on top of training and selected as the state healthy. At the beginning of the experiment (D0), all animals were submitted for evaluation of bone elasticity held in the third metacarpus bone. The animals were divided into two groups (Control Group - CG and Experimental Group - EG). The application of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) was performed on the right forelimb of the animals in the experimental group in the same place evaluated for bone elasticity and was used apparatus for extracorporeal therapy of waves with 0.15 mJ/mm2 energy flux density and 2000 pulses with E6R20 probe, with focus feature of the shock wave of 20 mm. The ESWT were repeated every 21 days, a total of three sessions (D0, D21 and D42). The analysis of bone elasticity determination was realized at D21, D42 and D72. The average of speed ultrasound differed between groups at D21, D42 and D72, and the animals from EG had lower bone mineral density after applications of ESWT. There was also difference in the analysis of bone mass (Z-Score) between the groups at D21 and D42, which animals from EG showed a significant decrease in bone mass. The risk of fracture was higher in animals from experimental group at D21. It was concluded that ESWT is able to promote change in bone mineral density.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bone Density/physiology , Elasticity/physiology , Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology , Electroshock , Minerals/analysis
16.
Clinics ; 65(12): 1363-1369, 2010. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-578578

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fetal undernutrition on the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle of weaned and young adult rats. INTRODUCTION: A poor nutrition supply during fetal development affects physiological functions of the fetus. From a mechanical point of view, skeletal muscle can be also characterized by its resistance to passive stretch. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother's diet during pregnancy: a control group (mothers fed a 17 percent protein diet) and an isocaloric low-protein group (mothers fed a 7.8 percent protein diet). At birth, all mothers received a standardized meal ad libitum. At the age of 25 and 90 days, the soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed in order to test the passive mechanical properties. A first mechanical test consisted of an incremental stepwise extension test using fast velocity stretching (500 mm/s) enabling us to measure, for each extension stepwise, the dynamic stress (σd) and the steady stress (σs). A second test consisted of a slow velocity stretch in order to calculate normalized stiffness and tangent modulus from the stress-strain relationship. RESULTS: The results for the mechanical properties showed an important increase in passive stiffness in both the soleus and EDL muscles in weaned rat. In contrast, no modification was observed in young adult rats. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in passive stiffness in skeletal muscle of weaned rat submitted to intrauterine undernutrition it is most likely due to changes in muscle passive stiffness.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Elasticity/physiology , Fetal Development/physiology , Malnutrition/complications , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology , Reflex, Stretch/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Animals, Newborn , Diet, Protein-Restricted/adverse effects , Models, Animal , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Weaning
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(3): 311-317, jun. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633642

ABSTRACT

La ventilación pulmonar en humanos tiene una variabilidad respiración a respiración no lineal, compleja y caótica. El objetivo del trabajo fue: caracterizar la variabilidad del patrón respiratorio en perros (n: 8) anestesiados respirando bajo carga elástica umbral (CEU) inspiratoria (7 a 50 cm H2O). Con el flujo, presión traqueal y esofágica, se analizaron: tiempo inspiratorio (Ti), ritmo [tiempo espiratorio (Te); tiempo total (Ttot), y Ti/Ttot] e impulso central (Vt/Ti), variables relacionadas [volumen corriente (Vt) y ventilación pulmonar (Ve)]. Se determinaron: variabilidad grosera (varianzas), oscilaciones de baja frecuencia (análisis espectral) y memoria a corto plazo (análisis de autocorrelación). La CEU produjo disminución de la varianza de medias en Te, Ttot, Vt y Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). La media de las varianzas del Ti/Ttot aumentó (p < 0.005) y disminuyó para el Vt y el Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). En general, el porcentaje de oscilaciones de baja frecuencia (OB%) disminuyó (p < 0.02). Durante CEU alta, las variables de ritmo no cambiaron el porcentaje de registros con autocorrelación (AU%), pero el Vt y variables relacionadas disminuyeron los AU% (p < 0.005). Hubo correlación positiva (r: 0.955, p< 0.001) entre OB% y AU% en Vt y variables relacionadas, pero las variables de ritmo no mostraron correlación. En conclusión: La CEU indujo un patrón respiratorio más monótono. La memoria a corto plazo disminuyó en la fase inspiratoria y aumentó en la espiratoria. Estos cambios ocurrieron bajo anestesia, sugiriendo que ciertas estructuras suprapontinas pueden no ser imprescindibles para la generación de estos cambios.


In humans, lung ventilation exhibits breath-to-breath variability and dynamics that are nonlinear, complex and chaotic. Our objective was to characterize the breathing pattern variational activity in anesthetized dogs (n: 8) breathing through threshold inspiratory elastic load (7 to 50 cm H2O). Starting from flow signal and tracheal and esophageal pressures, we analyzed inspiratory time (Ti), timing (expiratory time, Te; total time, Ttot; and Ti/Ttot) and central drive (Vt/Ti) and variables related to it (tidal volume, Vt and pulmonary ventilation, Ve). We measured gross variability (variances), low frequency oscillations (spectral analysis), and short term memory (autocorrelation analysis). Loading decreased variance of the mean values of Te, Ttot, Vt and Vt/Ti (p < 0.05); the mean of variances for Ti/Ttot increased (p < 0.005) while it decreased for Vt and Vt/Ti (p < 0.05). In general, percent of data recordings with low frequency oscillations (OB%) decreased (p < 0.02). During heavy load, timing parameters percent of data recordings with autocorrelations (AU%) did not change, but Vt and its related parameters decreased their AU% (p < 0.005). There was a positive correlation (r: 0.955, p < 0.001) between the existence of low frequency oscillations and autocorrelations for Vt and its related parameters, while timing variables did not show such a correlation. In conclusion, threshold elastic load induced a monotonous respiratory pattern. The short term memory decreased during inspiratory stage while increased during expiratory stage. These changes occurred during anesthesia suggesting that certain suprapontine structures may not be obligatory to induce them.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Anesthesia , Elasticity/physiology , Fourier Analysis , Inspiratory Capacity/physiology , Memory, Short-Term/physiology
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